The Story of Jesus and Mary in the Holy Quran (part 1 of 3): Mary
Description: The following three part series consists entirely of verses fr=
om the Holy Quran about Mary (Mother of Jesus) including her birth, childho=
od, personal qualities, and the miraculous birth of Jesus.=20
The Birth of Mary
ndeed God chose Adam, Noah, the family of Abraham and the family of Imran o=
ver the worlds. An offspring, like one another (in righteousness). And Go=
d is All-Hearing, All-Knowing. (And mention) when the wife of Imran said, =
'O my Lord, I have vowed to You what is in my womb, to be dedicated (to You=
r service), so accept this from me. Indeed, You are All-Hearing, All-Knowi=
ng.' Then when she delivered her (Mary), she said, 'O my Lord, I have deli=
vered a female,' and God knew best what she delivered, 'And the male is not=
like the female, and I have named her Mary, and I seek refuge with You for=
her and for her children from Satan, the expelled (from the mercy of God).=
'" (Quran 3:33-36)
The Childhood of Mary
"So her Lord fully accepted her, and gave her a good upbringing, and put he=
r under the care of Zechariah. Every time Zechariah entered upon her in th=
e prayer room, he found her supplied with food. He said, 'O Mary, where do=
you get this from?' She said, 'This is from God. Indeed, God provides fo=
r whom He wills, without limit.'" (Quran 3:37)
Mary, the Devout
"And (mention) when the angels said, 'O Mary, indeed God has chosen you, pu=
rified you, and chosen you above the women of the worlds.' 'O Mary, be dev=
outly obedient to your Lord and prostrate and bow down along those who bow =
down (in prayer).' This is a part of the news of the unseen, which We reve=
al to you (O Muhammad). You were not with them when they cast lots with th=
eir pens to (decide) which of them should take care of Mary, nor were you w=
ith them when they disputed." (Quran 3:42-44)
The Good news of a new-born child
"(And mention) when the angels said, 'O Mary, indeed God gives you the good=
news of a word from Him, whose name will be the Messiah Jesus, the son of =
Mary, held in honor in this world and in the Hereafter, and of those who ar=
e near to God.' 'He will speak to the people in the cradle, and in old age=
, and he will be of the righteous.' She said, 'My Lord, how can I have a s=
on when no man has touched me.' He said, 'So (it will be,) for God creates=
what He wants. When He decides something, He only says to it, 'Be,' and i=
t is. And He will teach him the Book and wisdom and the Torah and the Gosp=
el. And (will make him) a messenger to the Children of Israel (saying), 'I=
ndeed I have come to you with a sign from your Lord. I make for you out of=
clay the likeness of a bird, then breathe into it, and it becomes a bird b=
y the permission of God. And I heal the blind and the leper, and I bring t=
he dead to life by the permission of God. And I inform you of what you eat=
and what you store in your houses. Surely, there is a sign for you in tha=
t, if you are believers. And (I have come) confirming the Torah that was (=
revealed) before me, and to allow you some of what was forbidden to you. A=
nd I have come to you with a proof from your Lord, so fear God and obey me.=
Indeed, God is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. This is the straig=
ht path." (Quran 3:45-51)
"And mention in the Book (the story of) Mary, when she withdrew from her fa=
mily to an eastern place. And she placed a screen to seclude herself from =
them. Then We sent to her Our angel (Gabriel), and he took the form of a w=
ell-created man before her. She said, "Indeed I seek refuge with the Most =
Merciful from you, if you do fear God."[1] (The angel) said, 'I am only th=
e messenger of your Lord to give to you (the news of) a pure boy.' She sai=
d, 'How can I have a son, when no man has touched me (in marriage), and I a=
m not a prostitute?' He said, So your Lord said, 'It is easy for Me. And =
We will make him a sign to people and a mercy from Us. And it is a matter =
(already) decided.'"[2](Quran 19:16-21)
The Immaculate Conception
"And she who guarded her chastity, so We breathed (a spirit) into her throu=
gh Our angel, and We made her and her son (Jesus) a sign for the worlds."[3=
] (Quran 21:91)
The Birth of Jesus
"So she conceived him, and she withdrew with him to a remote place. And th=
e pains of childbirth drove her to the trunk of a palm tree. She said, 'I =
wish I had died before this, and had been long forgotten. [Mary was worrie=
d that people would think badly of her as she was not married.] Then (baby=
Jesus) called her from below her, saying, 'Don't be sad. Your Lord has pr=
ovided a stream under you.' Shake the trunk of the palm tree towards you, =
and it will drop on you fresh ripe dates. So eat and drink and be happy. =
And if you see any human, then say, 'Indeed I have vowed a fast to the Most=
Merciful so I will not speak to any human today.' Then she carried him an=
d brought him to her people. They said, 'O Mary, indeed you have done a gr=
eat evil.' 'O sister of Aaron, your father was not an evil man, and your m=
other was not a fornicator.' So she pointed to him. They said, 'How can w=
e speak to a child in the cradle?' (Jesus) said, 'Indeed, I am a slave of =
God. He has given me the Scripture and made me a prophet.[4] And He has m=
ade me blessed wherever I may be, and He has enjoined on me prayer and char=
ity as long as I remain alive. And (has made) me kind to my mother, and di=
d not make me arrogant or miserable. And peace be upon me the day I was bo=
rn, and the day I will die, and the day I will be raised alive.'" (Quran 19=
:22-33)
"Indeed, Jesus is like Adam in front of God. He created him from dust, the=
n said to him, 'Be,' and he was."[5] (Quran 3:59)
"And We made the son of Mary and his mother a sign, And We gave them refuge=
and rest on a high ground with flowing water."[6] (Quran 23:50)
The Excellence of Mary
"And God gives as an example for those who believe, the wife of Pharaoh, wh=
en she said, 'My Lord, build for me a home near You in paradise, and save m=
e from Pharaoh and his deeds, and save me from the wrongdoing people.' And=
(the example of) Mary, the daughter of Imran, who guarded her chastity, so=
We blew (the spirit of Jesus) into her through Our angel (Gabriel). And s=
he believed in the words of her Lord, and His scriptures, and she was of th=
e devout ones." (Quran 66:11-12)
Footnotes:
[1] The Most Merciful is one of the names of God in the Quran.
[2] Jesus is a sign of God's power, where God showed people that He could c=
reate Jesus without a father, as He created Adam without any parents. Jesus=
is also a sign that God is well able to resurrect all people after their d=
eath, since the one who creates from nothing is quite able to bring back to=
life. He is also a sign of the Day of Judgment, when he returns to the ear=
th and slays the Anti-Christ in the End Times.
[3] Similarly, just as God created Adam with no father or mother, Jesus' bi=
rth was from mother with no father. All that is needed for God for somethin=
g to happen is to say "Be" and it is; for God is capable of all things.
[4] Prophethood is the highest and most honorable position a human can reac=
h. A prophet is one who receives revelations from God through Angel Gabriel=
.=20
[5] Adam was created when God said, "Be," and he to be without a father or =
a mother. And so was Jesus created by the Word of God. If the unusual birth=
of Jesus makes him divine, then Adam deserves more of that divinity becaus=
e Jesus at least had one parent, while Adam had none. As Adam is not divine=
, so is Jesus not divine, but both are humble servants of God.
[6] This is where Mary gave birth to Jesus.
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Jesus the Prophet
"Say, 'We believe in God and what has been revealed to us and what has been=
revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and to the prophet-descendants=
(of Jacob), and what has been given to Moses and Jesus, and what has been =
given to the prophets from their Lord. We make no distinction between any =
of them, and we are Muslims (in submission) to Him.'" (Quran 2:136)
"Indeed, We have revealed to you (O Muhammad) as We revealed to Noah and th=
e prophets after him. And We revealed to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, a=
nd the prophet-descendants (of Jacob), Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomo=
n, and We gave the book to David." (Quran 4:163)
"The Messiah son of Mary was only a messenger (like other) messengers that =
had passed away before him. And his mother was a strong believer.[1] They=
both used to eat food.[2] Look how We make the proofs clear to them, then=
look how they (disbelievers) turn away." (Quran 5:75)
"He (Jesus) was only a servant whom We have favored, and We made him an exa=
mple to the Children of Israel." (Quran 43:59)
The Message of Jesus
"And in their (the prophets') footsteps, We sent Jesus the son of Mary, aff=
irming the Torah that had come before him. And We gave him the Gospel, in =
it was guidance and light, affirming the Torah that had come before it, and=
a guidance and an admonition for the pious." (Quran 5:46)
"O people of the Scripture, do not go to extremes in your religion, and do =
not say about God except the truth. The Messiah Jesus, son of Mary, is onl=
y a messenger from God and a word from Him ("Be" and it is), which He sent =
to Mary, and a soul from Him.[3] So, believe in God and His messengers, an=
d do not say, "Three." Stop, it is better for you. Indeed, God is one; exa=
lted is He above having a son. To Him belongs whatever is in the heavens a=
nd whatever is on the earth. And God is sufficient as a Determiner of all =
affairs. Never would the Messiah look down upon being a worshipper of God,=
nor would the angels who are close (to God).[4] And whoever looks down up=
on the worship of God and is arrogant, then He will gather them to Himself =
all together." (Quran 4:171-172)
"This is Jesus, the son of Mary. And this is the statement of truth, which=
they doubt. It is not possible for God to take a son. Far is He above th=
is! When He decides something, He just says to it, "Be," and it is.[5] (Je=
sus said), 'And indeed God is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. That =
is a straight path.' But the sects disagreed (over the straight path), so =
woe to the disbelievers from meeting a horrible Day." (Quran 19:34-37)
"And when Jesus came with clear proofs, he said, 'I have come to you with p=
rophethood, and to make clear to you some of what you disagree about, so fe=
ar God and obey me. Indeed, God is my Lord and your Lord, so worship Him. =
This is a straight path.' But the groups disagreed among themselves (abou=
t the message of Jesus), so woe to those who disbelieved from the punishmen=
t of a painful Day." (Quran 43:63-65)
"And (remember) when Jesus, son of Mary, said, "O Children of Israel, I am =
the messenger of God to you confirming the Torah that came before me, and b=
ringing good news of a messenger that will come after me, whose name will b=
e Ahmad.[6] But when he came to them with clear proofs, they said, "This i=
s clear magic."[7] (Quran 61:6)
The Miracles of Jesus
"So she pointed to him. They said, 'How can we speak to a child in the cra=
dle?' (Jesus) said, 'Indeed, I am a servant of God. He has given me the S=
cripture and made me a prophet.[8] And He has made me blessed wherever I a=
m, and has commanded me to me pray and give charity as long as I remain ali=
ve. And (has made) me kind to my mother, and did not make me arrogant or m=
iserable. And peace be upon me the day I was born, and the day I will die,=
and the day I will be raised alive.'" (Quran 19:29-33)
(More miracles have been mentioned under: The Good news of a new-born child=
)
The Table Spread (of food) from Heaven by God's Permission
"(And) when the disciples said, 'O Jesus, son of Mary, will your Lord send =
down to us a table spread (with food) from heaven?' He said, 'Fear God, if=
you are indeed believers.' They said, 'We wish to eat from it and have ou=
r hearts be reassured, and to know that you have indeed told us the truth a=
nd that we be witnesses to it.' Jesus the son of Mary said, 'O God, our Lo=
rd, send us from heaven a table spread (with food) to be for us a festival =
for the first of us and the last of us and a sign from You. And provide fo=
r us, You are the Best of providers.' God said, 'I am going to send it dow=
n to you, but if any of you after that disbelieves, then I will punish him =
with a punishment such as I will not put on anyone else.'" (Quran 5:112-115=
)
Jesus and His Disciples
"O you who believe, champion God's (religion), like when Jesus son of Mary =
said to the disciples, 'Who will champion God's (religion) with me?' The d=
isciples said, 'We are the champions of God's (religion).' Then a group of =
the Children of Israel believed and a group disbelieved. So We supported t=
hose who believed against their enemy, and they became victorious."[9] (Qur=
an 61:14)
"And when I inspired the disciples to believe in Me and My messenger, so th=
ey said, 'We believe, and bear witness that we are Muslims (in submission t=
o God).'" (Quran 5:111)
"Then We sent after them Our messengers, and We sent Jesus -son of Mary, an=
d gave him the Gospel. And We put in the hearts of those who followed him =
compassion and mercy. But We did not command monasticism, rather they inve=
nted it for themselves to please God with it, yet they did not observe it a=
s it should be observed. So We gave those who believed among them their re=
ward, but many of them are disobedient." O you who believe, fear God and b=
elieve in His messenger, He will then give you a double portion of His merc=
y, and give you light by which you can walk, and He will forgive you. And =
God is Most Forgiving, Most Merciful. (This We say) so that the people of =
the Scripture may know that they have no control over God's favor, and that=
(His) favor is in His Hand to give it to whomever He wills. And God is th=
e Owner of great bounty."[10] (Quran 57:27-29)
Footnotes:
[1] The Arabic word here indicates the highest level of faith possible, whe=
re the only one higher is prophethood.
[2] Both the Messiah and his pious mother used to eat, and that is not a ch=
aracteristic of God, who does not eat nor drink. Also, the one who eats de=
fecates, and this cannot be an attribute of God. Jesus here is likened to =
all the noble messengers that had preceded him: their message was the same,=
and their status as non-divine creatures of God is similar. The highest h=
onor that can be afforded to a human is prophethood, and Jesus is one of th=
e five highly regarded prophets. See verse 33:7 & 42:13
[3] Jesus is called a word or a soul from God because he was created when G=
od said, "Be," and he was. In that he is special, because all humans, exce=
pt Adam and Eve, are created from two parents. But despite his uniqueness,=
Jesus is like everyone else in that he is not divine, but a mortal creatur=
e.
[4] Everything and everyone else other than God is a worshipper or a slave =
of God. The verse is asserting that the Messiah would never claim a status=
above that of a worshipper of God, dismissing any claim to the contrary of=
his divinity. And indeed he would never disdain such a position, because =
this is the highest honor any human can aspire to.
[5] If the creation of Jesus without a father makes him the son of God, the=
n everything created like Jesus without a predecessor should be divine too,=
and that includes Adam, Eve, the first animals, and this whole earth with =
its mountains and waters. But Jesus was created like all things on this ea=
rth, when God said, "Be," and he was.
[6] This is another name of Prophet Muhammad.=20
[7] This can refer to both prophets, Jesus and Muhammad, peace be upon them=
. When they came with the message from God to their people, they were accu=
sed of bringing magic.
[8] Prophethood is the highest and most honorable position a human can reac=
h. A prophet is one who receives revelations from God through Angel Gabrie=
l. A messenger is a prophet who receives a book from God, as well as laws =
to convey to his people. Jesus attained the highest honor by being both a =
prophet and a messenger.=20
[9] The victory of the believers came through the message of Islam, and it =
was a physical and a spiritual victory. Islam removed all doubt about Jesu=
s and offered conclusive proofs of his prophethood, and that was the spirit=
ual victory. Islam also physically spread, which gave the believers in the=
message of Jesus refuge and power against their enemy, and that was the ph=
ysical victory.
[10] God gives guidance to whomever He wills, regardless of background and =
race. And when people believe, God honors them and lifts higher than every=
one else. But when they disbelieve, God demotes them even though before th=
ey might have been honorable.
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The Passion of Christ
"Then when Jesus felt their (persistence in) disbelief, he said, 'Who will =
champion with me God's (cause)?' The disciples said, 'We are the champions=
(of the cause) of God. We believe in God, and be a witness that we are Mu=
slims (submitting to Him).[1] Our Lord, we have believed in what You have =
revealed, and we have followed the messenger, so write us down among the wi=
tnesses (to the truth).' And they (who disbelieved) plotted, and God plann=
ed. And God is the best of the planners. When God said, 'O Jesus, I will =
take you[2] and raise you up to Me and clear you of those who disbelieve, =
and I will make those who follow you superior to those who disbelieve till =
the Day of Resurrection. Then you will all return to Me, and I will judge =
between you in the matters you used to disagree in.'" (Quran 3:52-55)
"And for of their saying, 'We have killed the Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, t=
he messenger of God.' But they did not kill him, nor did they crucify him,=
but it was made to look like him to them.[3] And those who disagree over =
him are in doubt (of killing him), they have no knowledge of it except the =
following of guesswork, and they did not kill him for certain. But God rai=
sed him up to Himself.[4] And God is All--Powerful, All--Wise." (Quran 4:1=
57-158)
The Followers of Jesus
"Then whoever argues with you about him (Jesus) after the knowledge that ha=
s come to you, (then) say, 'Come and let us call our sons and your sons, ou=
r women and your women, ourselves and yourselves, then we all pray for the =
curse of God to fall on those who lie.' Indeed, this is the true story. A=
nd there is no deity that deserves to be worshipped except God. And indeed=
, God is the All-Mighty, the All-Wise. But if they turn away (from accepti=
ng the truth), then indeed, God is aware of the corrupters. Say, 'O people=
of the Scripture: Come to a just statement[5] between us and you, that we=
worship none but God, and that we associate no partners with Him, and that=
none of us takes others as lords besides God[6].' But if they turn away, =
then say, 'Be witnesses that we are Muslims (submitting to Him).'" (Quran 3=
:61-64)
"Surely, they have disbelieved those who say that God is the Christ, son of=
Mary. Say, 'Who then has the least power against God if He were to destro=
y the Christ son of Mary, his mother, and everyone on earth?' And God has =
supreme authority over the heavens and the earth, and whatever is between t=
hem. He creates what He wills, and God is Able to do all things." And the=
Jews and the Christians say, 'We are the children of God and His loved one=
s.' Say, 'Why then does He punish you for your sins?' Rather, you are only=
human beings from among those He has created. He forgives whom He wills, =
and He punishes whom He wills. And God has supreme authority over the heav=
ens and the earth, and whatever is between them, and to Him is the return (=
of all)." (Quran 5:17-18)
"Surely, they have disbelieved who say, 'God is the Messiah Jesus, son of M=
ary.' But the Messiah said, 'O Children of Israel, worship God, my Lord and=
your Lord. Indeed, whoever sets up partners (in worship) with God, then G=
od has forbidden him Paradise, and the Fire will be his home. And there is=
none to help the wrong-doers.' Surely, disbelievers are those who say, 'G=
od is the third of three.'[7] But there is no god (that deserves to be wor=
shipped) except One God. And if they do not stop what they are saying, the=
disbelievers among them will suffer a painful punishment. Will they not r=
epent to God and seek His forgiveness? For God is Oft--Forgiving, Most Mer=
ciful." (Quran 5:72-74)
"And the Jews say, 'Ezra is the son of God,'[8] and the Christians say, 'T=
he Messiah is the son of God.' That is the fabrication of their mouths. Th=
ey are imitating the claims of the disbelievers of before. May God destroy=
them, how they turn away (from the truth). They have taken their religiou=
s scholars and their monks as lords instead of God (by disobeying God and o=
beying them), and (they also have taken as their Lord) the Messiah, son of =
Mary. But they were commanded to worship only one God, none has the right =
to be worshipped except Him. Exalted is He above what they associate (with=
Him)."[9] (Quran 9:30-31)
"O you who believe, indeed many religious scholars and monks eat away peopl=
e's wealth unjustly, and turn (others) away from the way to God. And those=
who treasure gold and silver, and do not spend it in the Way of God, then =
give them the news of a painful punishment." (Quran 9:34)
The Second Coming
"And there is not one of the people of the Scripture but will believe in hi=
m before his death.[10] And on the Day of Resurrection, he will be a witne=
ss against them."[11] (Quran 4:159)
"And he (Jesus) is a sign of (the coming of) the Hour, so do not doubt it.[=
12] And follow Me, this is a straight path (leading to God and His paradis=
e)." (Quran 43:61)
Jesus on the Day of Resurrection
"'When God will say,' O Jesus, son of Mary, remember My favor upon you and =
upon your mother when I supported you with the Pure Spirit (Gabriel) and yo=
u spoke to people in the cradle and in old age; and when I taught you the B=
ook, wisdom, the Torah and the Gospel; and when you made out of clay the li=
keness of a bird, by My permission, then you breathed into it, and it becam=
e a bird by My permission, and you healed the blind and the leper by My per=
mission, and when you brought the dead to life by My permission; and when I=
restrained the Children of Israel from (killing) you when you came to them=
with clear proofs, but the disbelievers among them said, 'This is nothing =
but plain magic.'" (Quran 5:110)
"And God will say (on the Day of Resurrection), 'O Jesus, son of Mary, did =
you say to people, 'Worship me and my mother instead of God?'[13]' He will=
say, 'Glory be to You! It is not for me to say what I have no right (to s=
ay). If I had said it, You would have known it. You know what is (hidden)=
in myself and I do not know what is in Yours. Indeed, You are the Knower =
of the unseen.'[14] I did not tell them except what You commanded me, 'Wor=
ship God, my Lord and your Lord.' And I was a witness over them while I was=
among them, but when You took me up, You were the Watcher over them, and Y=
ou are a Witness to all things. If You punish them, they are Your servants=
, and if You forgive them, indeed You are the All-Mighty, the All--Wise."[1=
5] God will say, 'This is the Day when the truth will benefit those who we=
re truthful. To them belong gardens with rivers running through it (in Par=
adise), where they will stay forever. God is pleased with them and they ar=
e pleased with Him. That is the great success.' To God belongs the heaven=
s and the earth and whatever is within them, and He is Able to do all." (Qu=
ran 5:116-120)
Footnotes:
[1] The name given for the disciples in the Quran is al-Hawariyyun, which m=
eans the purified ones, like the color white. It is also reported that the=
y used to dress in white.
[2] Jesus was raised up in a state of sleep. The word that is used here is=
wafah, which can mean sleep or death. In Arabic, sleep is called the mino=
r death. See also verses 6:60 and 39:42, where the word wafah refers to sl=
eep and not to death. Since verse 4:157 denies the killing and crucifixion=
of Jesus, and since each human dies once but Jesus is supposed to come bac=
k to earth, the only remaining interpretation of the verse is sleep.
[3] The resemblance of Jesus was put on another, and it is he, not Jesus, w=
ho was crucified. According to several commentaries on the Quran, the one =
who was crucified was one of the disciples, accepting the resemblance of Je=
sus, and martyring himself to save Jesus in return for paradise.
[4] Jesus was raised in body and soul, and did not die. He still lives up =
there, and will return towards the end of time to earth. After fulfilling =
his assigned role on earth, he will eventually die.=20
[5] This is what all the prophets of God have called to and agreed upon. A=
nd so this statement is not exclusive to one group, but is the common groun=
ds for those who want to worship God.
[6] When one obeys another human in disobedience to God, he has taken him a=
s a lord instead of God.
[7] In reference to the Trinity.
[8] Although not all Jews believed it, they failed to condemn it (see verse=
s 5:78-79). When a sin is allowed to persist and spread unopposed, the who=
le community becomes liable.
[9] The religious scholars are the ones possessing knowledge, and the monks=
are the ones immersed in ritual and worship. Both are considered religiou=
s leaders and examples, and through their influence they can lead people as=
tray.
[10] The pronoun in "his death" can refer to Jesus or to the individual fro=
m the people of the Scripture. If it refers to Jesus, it means that all of=
the people of the Scripture will come to believe in Jesus on his second re=
turn to earth and before his death. Jesus then will confirm that he is a p=
rophet from God, not God nor the son of God, and will ask all people to wor=
ship God alone and submit to Him in Islam. If the pronoun refers to the in=
dividual from the people of the Scripture, then the verse means that each o=
ne of them will see just before his death what will convince him that Jesus=
was a true prophet from God, and not God. But that belief at that time wi=
ll not benefit him, since it comes not out of free choice, but when he sees=
the angels of punishment.
[11] See verses 5:116-118.
[12] The second coming of Jesus will be a sign that the Day of Judgment is =
near.
[13] The worship of others with God is the same as worshipping them instead=
of God. Both mean that worship is directed and given to someone other tha=
n God, yet God is the only One who can be worshipped.
[14] God, as Jesus said, knows that Jesus did not call for his own worship =
or his mother's. The aim of the question is to point to those who worship =
Jesus or Mary that if they were true followers of Jesus, they would stop th=
at practice, because Jesus never called to it. But if they persist, then l=
et them know that Jesus will disown them on the Last Day, and that they hav=
e not been following him, but only following their personal preferences.
[15] In other words, You know who is worthy of punishment, so You will puni=
sh him. And you know who is worthy of forgiveness, so You will forgive him=
. For indeed, You are the Mighty who has the power to punish, and You are =
Wise in dispensing all affairs, so you forgive those who deserve forgivenes=
s.
http://www.islamreligion.com/articles/621/viewall/story-of-jesus-and-mary-i=
n-holy-quran/
Thank you