WL

"Wade Lippman"

18/11/2003 8:28 PM

Solid Edges on Plywood

I have been commanded to build a cabinet for our bedroom out of teak. My
suggestions for interesting alternatives were ignored.

I have never used plywood (except 1/4" for door panels) so I don't know much
about it's properties. The furniture I am putting it with is veneered
plywood panels with solid edge pieces. How do I glue the solids to the
plywood and get them to look right? Obviously I can't joint, glue, and
plane them like I would solids.

Any advice, or references, would be appreciated.


This topic has 18 replies

BB

BRuce

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

18/11/2003 5:11 PM

lot of good info so far. i just finished a bunch of birch banding on
birch ply, I used a block plane to "sneak up on flush", didn't use any
masking tape and only one 'error"(first plane experience). i used
biscuits to assist with the alignment, make sure your biscuit cutter is
aligned properly. FWW last issue did a test on "oily woods" and yellow
glue, glued dry, wiped with acetone and lightly sanded. the acetone
wipe helped very little but sanding just before gluing helped a bunch.
Poly glue was suggested for most oily woods.

Several articles recently on edge banding and there is a new router bit
set that is supposed to make it much easier but fairly pricey.

BRuce

Wade Lippman wrote:
> I have been commanded to build a cabinet for our bedroom out of teak. My
> suggestions for interesting alternatives were ignored.
>
> I have never used plywood (except 1/4" for door panels) so I don't know much
> about it's properties. The furniture I am putting it with is veneered
> plywood panels with solid edge pieces. How do I glue the solids to the
> plywood and get them to look right? Obviously I can't joint, glue, and
> plane them like I would solids.
>
> Any advice, or references, would be appreciated.
>
>

--
---

BRuce

HL

"Harvey Levin"

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

18/11/2003 5:00 PM

I haven't tried this, but it looks interesting... Got some decent reviews
too.

http://www.burgessedge.com/

"Not Telling" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
> Get a Tongue & Groce router bit set to join the hard wood to the plywood.
> As suggested, wipe down to remove oil then apply glue. Make sure the
grove
> is on the plywood.
>
>
> "Wade Lippman" <[email protected]> wrote in message
> news:[email protected]...
> > I have been commanded to build a cabinet for our bedroom out of teak.
My
> > suggestions for interesting alternatives were ignored.
> >
> > I have never used plywood (except 1/4" for door panels) so I don't know
> much
> > about it's properties. The furniture I am putting it with is veneered
> > plywood panels with solid edge pieces. How do I glue the solids to the
> > plywood and get them to look right? Obviously I can't joint, glue, and
> > plane them like I would solids.
> >
> > Any advice, or references, would be appreciated.
> >
> >
>
>

LZ

Luigi Zanasi

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

18/11/2003 3:28 PM

On Tue, 18 Nov 2003 20:28:58 GMT, "Wade Lippman"
<[email protected]> scribbled

>I have been commanded to build a cabinet for our bedroom out of teak. My
>suggestions for interesting alternatives were ignored.
>
>I have never used plywood (except 1/4" for door panels) so I don't know much
>about it's properties. The furniture I am putting it with is veneered
>plywood panels with solid edge pieces. How do I glue the solids to the
>plywood and get them to look right? Obviously I can't joint, glue, and
>plane them like I would solids.
>
>Any advice, or references, would be appreciated.

I don't know how well teak glues, but I've used solid edging up to
3/4" wide on different plywoods. I make the edging about 1/16" thicker
than the plywood. To glue, I apply glue on both sides and rub the
edging back and forth a few times until it sticks on its own. In the
past, I've tried clamping, biscuits, nails, but I realised that none
of these are needed. Once the glue sticks, I just use masking tape to
clamp and hold the edging in place. Once the glue is dry (the next
day), I trim the edging using a flush trim bit on a trim router, or a
hand plane. I have not had a failure yet.

Luigi
Replace "no" with "yk" twice
in reply address for real email address

"Man is a tool-using animal. Weak in himself and of small stature,
he stands on a basis of some half-square foot, has to straddle out
his legs lest the very winds supplant him. Nevertheless, he can
use tools, can devise tools: with these the granite mountain melts
into light dust before him: seas are his smooth highway, winds and
fire his unwearying steeds. Nowhere do you find him without tools.
Without tools he is nothing: with tools he is all."
Thomas Carlyle

wH

[email protected] (Hylourgos)

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

19/11/2003 7:09 AM

Pat Barber <[email protected]> wrote in message news:<[email protected]>.

<snip>

> Teak is more difficult to deal with because of oils in the
> wood that need to be removed "before" gluing. Wipe down both
> pieces with acetone and glue as normal.

The latest FWW issue had an interesting article on this. The author
suspected that wiping oily woods was not that effective. He theorized
that quick drying solvents draw out as much contaminant as it wipes
off. So, he tested a few identical pieces: one simply glued; one wiped
then glued; and the third with his (now preferred) method, light
sanding. The first two reached an almost identical stress point
break--they were within 10 psi if I recall. The third method was far
stronger.

I'd always understood wiping oily woods a good idea, but recognizing
the physiology of wood and chemical makeup of glue, and understanding
why bonds fail are important. On oily woods it fails owing to
contaminants in the wood. That they might be drawn out of the wood by
quick-drying solvents and thus frustrate the intent of wiping had
never occurred to me.

I'll have to try this soon. Anyone have 100 bf of mahogany lying
around so I can experiment?

Regards,
H

N@

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

19/11/2003 6:18 AM

It took me a bit to respond to this but I had to find my source first :-).

The Router Workshop has the following tip for edge banding:

http://www.routerworkshop.com/solidedges.html

I had since found it to be extremely easy, fast and accurate.


"Pounds on Wood" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
> Wade, reading some of the other replies I see that "solid edge pieces"
means
> diff things to diff folks. At the minimum, you might just want to cover
the
> edge of the plywood, and that could be anything from a thin veneer up to
> whatever, but thin enough that it can just be glued. My previous reply
> described what I would do if adding 1 or 2 or more inches of solid wood to
> the edge of plywood. For me, a table top doesn't look right with just a
> thin strip covering the edge, while a couple of inches of solid wood look
> right fine. But then, you did not say table top did you? Just my
opinion
> of course, but obviously my suggestion of biscuits or dowels is not going
to
> work with thin banding strips. Just thought I needed to clear that up.
>
> --
> Bill Pounds
> http://www.bill.pounds.net/woodshop
>
>
> "Wade Lippman" <[email protected]> wrote in message
> news:[email protected]...
> > I have been commanded to build a cabinet for our bedroom out of teak.
My
> > suggestions for interesting alternatives were ignored.
> >
> > I have never used plywood (except 1/4" for door panels) so I don't know
> much
> > about it's properties. The furniture I am putting it with is veneered
> > plywood panels with solid edge pieces. How do I glue the solids to the
> > plywood and get them to look right? Obviously I can't joint, glue, and
> > plane them like I would solids.
> >
> > Any advice, or references, would be appreciated.
> >
> >
>
>

Ww

"WORSS"

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

19/11/2003 12:09 AM

Exactly....I agree completely with the last posting. No need for tongue and
groove...just glue on and clamp or use masking tape. I also use the flush
trim bit and it works wonderfully.

Bill


"Luigi Zanasi" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
> On Tue, 18 Nov 2003 20:28:58 GMT, "Wade Lippman"
> <[email protected]> scribbled
>
> >I have been commanded to build a cabinet for our bedroom out of teak. My
> >suggestions for interesting alternatives were ignored.
> >
> >I have never used plywood (except 1/4" for door panels) so I don't know
much
> >about it's properties. The furniture I am putting it with is veneered
> >plywood panels with solid edge pieces. How do I glue the solids to the
> >plywood and get them to look right? Obviously I can't joint, glue, and
> >plane them like I would solids.
> >
> >Any advice, or references, would be appreciated.
>
> I don't know how well teak glues, but I've used solid edging up to
> 3/4" wide on different plywoods. I make the edging about 1/16" thicker
> than the plywood. To glue, I apply glue on both sides and rub the
> edging back and forth a few times until it sticks on its own. In the
> past, I've tried clamping, biscuits, nails, but I realised that none
> of these are needed. Once the glue sticks, I just use masking tape to
> clamp and hold the edging in place. Once the glue is dry (the next
> day), I trim the edging using a flush trim bit on a trim router, or a
> hand plane. I have not had a failure yet.
>
> Luigi
> Replace "no" with "yk" twice
> in reply address for real email address
>
> "Man is a tool-using animal. Weak in himself and of small stature,
> he stands on a basis of some half-square foot, has to straddle out
> his legs lest the very winds supplant him. Nevertheless, he can
> use tools, can devise tools: with these the granite mountain melts
> into light dust before him: seas are his smooth highway, winds and
> fire his unwearying steeds. Nowhere do you find him without tools.
> Without tools he is nothing: with tools he is all."
> Thomas Carlyle

NT

"Not Telling"

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

18/11/2003 9:29 PM

Get a Tongue & Groce router bit set to join the hard wood to the plywood.
As suggested, wipe down to remove oil then apply glue. Make sure the grove
is on the plywood.


"Wade Lippman" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
> I have been commanded to build a cabinet for our bedroom out of teak. My
> suggestions for interesting alternatives were ignored.
>
> I have never used plywood (except 1/4" for door panels) so I don't know
much
> about it's properties. The furniture I am putting it with is veneered
> plywood panels with solid edge pieces. How do I glue the solids to the
> plywood and get them to look right? Obviously I can't joint, glue, and
> plane them like I would solids.
>
> Any advice, or references, would be appreciated.
>
>

FK

"Frank Ketchum"

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

19/11/2003 2:29 AM


"Luigi Zanasi" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
>
> I don't know how well teak glues, but I've used solid edging up to
> 3/4" wide on different plywoods. I make the edging about 1/16" thicker
> than the plywood. To glue, I apply glue on both sides and rub the
> edging back and forth a few times until it sticks on its own. In the
> past, I've tried clamping, biscuits, nails, but I realised that none
> of these are needed. Once the glue sticks, I just use masking tape to
> clamp and hold the edging in place. Once the glue is dry (the next
> day), I trim the edging using a flush trim bit on a trim router, or a
> hand plane. I have not had a failure yet.
>

This has worked well for me also. I leave the banding a little wider than
the plywood, rub it back and forth to get a good glue bond and then I use
that blue painter's tape instead of masking tape. It gives less trouble
when you go to remove it. I have trimmed the banding down using a router
but I prefer to plane it close to the surface and finish it by sanding when
I sand the plywood. I have built several projects using this technique and
have had no problems.

Frank


Uu

"Upscale"

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

19/11/2003 8:26 AM

It's durable enough, it's just that I usually hand sand off the excess
veneer edge and the glue remnants makes it more difficult to sand, slowing
the process down. Also, if I don't sand or trim carefully enough to remove
all visible traces of the pre-glue, it affects the uniformity of the stain
that I apply. In addition to that, the pre-glued stuff is marginally thicker
then what you'd apply in white carpenter's glue form so the veneer strips
aren't as close to the plywood edge, sometimes making it noticeable. That's
why I use the pre-glued mostly with paint jobs, any remnant can just be
painted over.

"Wade Lippman" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
> Why are the pre-glued your last choice? I have no real experience at any
> veneering, except that I bought some pre-glued at a garage sale to play
> with, and it seemed to work pretty well. Is it not durable, or what?

WL

"Wade Lippman"

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

18/11/2003 10:30 PM

I am not sure how to say this without sounding sarcastic, but you mean
tongue and groove?
I have a t&g router bit, but I don't have a biscuit cutter, so that would be
better for me, if it is what you mean. I have not tried cutting a grove in
plywood; it works out well?

"Not Telling" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
> Get a Tongue & Groce router bit set to join the hard wood to the plywood.
> As suggested, wipe down to remove oil then apply glue. Make sure the
grove
> is on the plywood.
>
>
> "Wade Lippman" <[email protected]> wrote in message
> news:[email protected]...
> > I have been commanded to build a cabinet for our bedroom out of teak.
My
> > suggestions for interesting alternatives were ignored.
> >
> > I have never used plywood (except 1/4" for door panels) so I don't know
> much
> > about it's properties. The furniture I am putting it with is veneered
> > plywood panels with solid edge pieces. How do I glue the solids to the
> > plywood and get them to look right? Obviously I can't joint, glue, and
> > plane them like I would solids.
> >
> > Any advice, or references, would be appreciated.
> >
> >
>
>

Uu

"Upscale"

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

19/11/2003 1:25 AM

In order of preference depending on the quality of the project, I use (e.g..
hardwood veneered plywood for cabinetry.
1) Face frames if they're applicable.
2) Veneer strips with white glue
3) 1/2" thick strips of hardwood
4) Veneer strips that are already pre-glued (Iron on type)

I often use the last method when I'm going to paint my project and it's
cheap, good one side or both sides plywood.

"WORSS" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
> Exactly....I agree completely with the last posting. No need for tongue
and
> groove...just glue on and clamp or use masking tape. I also use the flush
> trim bit and it works wonderfully.
>
> Bill
>
>
> "Luigi Zanasi" <[email protected]> wrote in message
> news:[email protected]...
> > On Tue, 18 Nov 2003 20:28:58 GMT, "Wade Lippman"
> > <[email protected]> scribbled
> >
> > >I have been commanded to build a cabinet for our bedroom out of teak.
My
> > >suggestions for interesting alternatives were ignored.
> > >
> > >I have never used plywood (except 1/4" for door panels) so I don't know
> much
> > >about it's properties. The furniture I am putting it with is veneered
> > >plywood panels with solid edge pieces. How do I glue the solids to the
> > >plywood and get them to look right? Obviously I can't joint, glue, and
> > >plane them like I would solids.
> > >
> > >Any advice, or references, would be appreciated.
> >
> > I don't know how well teak glues, but I've used solid edging up to
> > 3/4" wide on different plywoods. I make the edging about 1/16" thicker
> > than the plywood. To glue, I apply glue on both sides and rub the
> > edging back and forth a few times until it sticks on its own. In the
> > past, I've tried clamping, biscuits, nails, but I realised that none
> > of these are needed. Once the glue sticks, I just use masking tape to
> > clamp and hold the edging in place. Once the glue is dry (the next
> > day), I trim the edging using a flush trim bit on a trim router, or a
> > hand plane. I have not had a failure yet.
> >
> > Luigi
> > Replace "no" with "yk" twice
> > in reply address for real email address
> >
> > "Man is a tool-using animal. Weak in himself and of small stature,
> > he stands on a basis of some half-square foot, has to straddle out
> > his legs lest the very winds supplant him. Nevertheless, he can
> > use tools, can devise tools: with these the granite mountain melts
> > into light dust before him: seas are his smooth highway, winds and
> > fire his unwearying steeds. Nowhere do you find him without tools.
> > Without tools he is nothing: with tools he is all."
> > Thomas Carlyle
>
>

Po

"Pounds on Wood"

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

18/11/2003 9:02 PM

You can joint the plywood edge and your edging piece right? The problem is
just alignment of one or both faces during glueup so that you don't need to
plane. Biscuits or dowels work well, and are a good idea for strength as
well since you will be gluing to the edge of plywood. Then a hand scraper
works well to get the surface perfectly flush. Ideally your solid wood
piece will be ever so slightly proud (rather than the opposite). Some
masking tape on the plywood while you scrape helps protect the thin veneer
on the plywood while you sneak up on flush.

--
Bill Pounds
http://www.bill.pounds.net/woodshop


"Wade Lippman" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
> I have been commanded to build a cabinet for our bedroom out of teak. My
> suggestions for interesting alternatives were ignored.
>
> I have never used plywood (except 1/4" for door panels) so I don't know
much
> about it's properties. The furniture I am putting it with is veneered
> plywood panels with solid edge pieces. How do I glue the solids to the
> plywood and get them to look right? Obviously I can't joint, glue, and
> plane them like I would solids.
>
> Any advice, or references, would be appreciated.
>
>

WL

"Wade Lippman"

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

18/11/2003 10:26 PM

I am unfamiliar with scraping. That is better for this application than
sanding?

"Pounds on Wood" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
> You can joint the plywood edge and your edging piece right? The problem
is
> just alignment of one or both faces during glueup so that you don't need
to
> plane. Biscuits or dowels work well, and are a good idea for strength as
> well since you will be gluing to the edge of plywood. Then a hand scraper
> works well to get the surface perfectly flush. Ideally your solid wood
> piece will be ever so slightly proud (rather than the opposite). Some
> masking tape on the plywood while you scrape helps protect the thin veneer
> on the plywood while you sneak up on flush.
>
> --
> Bill Pounds
> http://www.bill.pounds.net/woodshop
>
>
> "Wade Lippman" <[email protected]> wrote in message
> news:[email protected]...
> > I have been commanded to build a cabinet for our bedroom out of teak.
My
> > suggestions for interesting alternatives were ignored.
> >
> > I have never used plywood (except 1/4" for door panels) so I don't know
> much
> > about it's properties. The furniture I am putting it with is veneered
> > plywood panels with solid edge pieces. How do I glue the solids to the
> > plywood and get them to look right? Obviously I can't joint, glue, and
> > plane them like I would solids.
> >
> > Any advice, or references, would be appreciated.
> >
> >
>
>

PB

Pat Barber

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

18/11/2003 8:56 PM

As it turns out, yes you can glue them, plane them, and
generally do anything to them you have done to solid edges.

I'm not sure what you mean by "look right" but a solid wood
edge glued to a piece of plywood looks pretty good if done
correctly.

Teak is more difficult to deal with because of oils in the
wood that need to be removed "before" gluing. Wipe down both
pieces with acetone and glue as normal.

Furniture has been made with plywood for over 100 years which
means it's a proven product.

These folks have them other answers:

http://www.apawood.org/level_c.cfm?content=pub_ply_libmain

Now,,,, what other questions do you have ???




Wade Lippman wrote:
> I have been commanded to build a cabinet for our bedroom out of teak. My
> suggestions for interesting alternatives were ignored.
>
> I have never used plywood (except 1/4" for door panels) so I don't know much
> about it's properties. The furniture I am putting it with is veneered
> plywood panels with solid edge pieces. How do I glue the solids to the
> plywood and get them to look right? Obviously I can't joint, glue, and
> plane them like I would solids.
>
> Any advice, or references, would be appreciated.
>
>

Po

"Pounds on Wood"

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

18/11/2003 9:25 PM

It can be. The problem with sanding in this case is the ease with which you
can sand through the veneer of the plywood, not to mention dishing the
surface, which will really show badly on something like a table top.
Scraping is much more controllable and once you get the hang of it, faster.

--
Bill Pounds
http://www.bill.pounds.net/woodshop


"Wade Lippman" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
> I am unfamiliar with scraping. That is better for this application than
> sanding?
>
>

Po

"Pounds on Wood"

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

18/11/2003 9:36 PM

Wade, reading some of the other replies I see that "solid edge pieces" means
diff things to diff folks. At the minimum, you might just want to cover the
edge of the plywood, and that could be anything from a thin veneer up to
whatever, but thin enough that it can just be glued. My previous reply
described what I would do if adding 1 or 2 or more inches of solid wood to
the edge of plywood. For me, a table top doesn't look right with just a
thin strip covering the edge, while a couple of inches of solid wood look
right fine. But then, you did not say table top did you? Just my opinion
of course, but obviously my suggestion of biscuits or dowels is not going to
work with thin banding strips. Just thought I needed to clear that up.

--
Bill Pounds
http://www.bill.pounds.net/woodshop


"Wade Lippman" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
> I have been commanded to build a cabinet for our bedroom out of teak. My
> suggestions for interesting alternatives were ignored.
>
> I have never used plywood (except 1/4" for door panels) so I don't know
much
> about it's properties. The furniture I am putting it with is veneered
> plywood panels with solid edge pieces. How do I glue the solids to the
> plywood and get them to look right? Obviously I can't joint, glue, and
> plane them like I would solids.
>
> Any advice, or references, would be appreciated.
>
>

JH

Juergen Hannappel

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

19/11/2003 9:40 AM

"Wade Lippman" <[email protected]> writes:

> I am not sure how to say this without sounding sarcastic, but you mean
> tongue and groove?
> I have a t&g router bit, but I don't have a biscuit cutter, so that would be
> better for me, if it is what you mean. I have not tried cutting a grove in
> plywood; it works out well?

Of course. You can even make biscuit joints with a circular saw (been
there, done that).

--
Dr. Juergen Hannappel http://lisa2.physik.uni-bonn.de/~hannappe
mailto:[email protected] Phone: +49 228 73 2447 FAX ... 7869
Physikalisches Institut der Uni Bonn Nussallee 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
CERN: Phone: +412276 76461 Fax: ..77930 Bat. 892-R-A13 CH-1211 Geneve 23

WL

"Wade Lippman"

in reply to "Wade Lippman" on 18/11/2003 8:28 PM

19/11/2003 2:42 AM

Why are the pre-glued your last choice? I have no real experience at any
veneering, except that I bought some pre-glued at a garage sale to play
with, and it seemed to work pretty well. Is it not durable, or what?

"Upscale" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]...
> In order of preference depending on the quality of the project, I use
(e.g..
> hardwood veneered plywood for cabinetry.
> 1) Face frames if they're applicable.
> 2) Veneer strips with white glue
> 3) 1/2" thick strips of hardwood
> 4) Veneer strips that are already pre-glued (Iron on type)
>
> I often use the last method when I'm going to paint my project and it's
> cheap, good one side or both sides plywood.
>
> "WORSS" <[email protected]> wrote in message
> news:[email protected]...
> > Exactly....I agree completely with the last posting. No need for tongue
> and
> > groove...just glue on and clamp or use masking tape. I also use the
flush
> > trim bit and it works wonderfully.
> >
> > Bill
> >
> >
> > "Luigi Zanasi" <[email protected]> wrote in message
> > news:[email protected]...
> > > On Tue, 18 Nov 2003 20:28:58 GMT, "Wade Lippman"
> > > <[email protected]> scribbled
> > >
> > > >I have been commanded to build a cabinet for our bedroom out of teak.
> My
> > > >suggestions for interesting alternatives were ignored.
> > > >
> > > >I have never used plywood (except 1/4" for door panels) so I don't
know
> > much
> > > >about it's properties. The furniture I am putting it with is
veneered
> > > >plywood panels with solid edge pieces. How do I glue the solids to
the
> > > >plywood and get them to look right? Obviously I can't joint, glue,
and
> > > >plane them like I would solids.
> > > >
> > > >Any advice, or references, would be appreciated.
> > >
> > > I don't know how well teak glues, but I've used solid edging up to
> > > 3/4" wide on different plywoods. I make the edging about 1/16" thicker
> > > than the plywood. To glue, I apply glue on both sides and rub the
> > > edging back and forth a few times until it sticks on its own. In the
> > > past, I've tried clamping, biscuits, nails, but I realised that none
> > > of these are needed. Once the glue sticks, I just use masking tape to
> > > clamp and hold the edging in place. Once the glue is dry (the next
> > > day), I trim the edging using a flush trim bit on a trim router, or a
> > > hand plane. I have not had a failure yet.
> > >
> > > Luigi
> > > Replace "no" with "yk" twice
> > > in reply address for real email address
> > >
> > > "Man is a tool-using animal. Weak in himself and of small stature,
> > > he stands on a basis of some half-square foot, has to straddle out
> > > his legs lest the very winds supplant him. Nevertheless, he can
> > > use tools, can devise tools: with these the granite mountain melts
> > > into light dust before him: seas are his smooth highway, winds and
> > > fire his unwearying steeds. Nowhere do you find him without tools.
> > > Without tools he is nothing: with tools he is all."
> > > Thomas Carlyle
> >
> >
>
>


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